NeuStar, Inc. provides clearinghouse services to the North American communications industry and Internet service providers worldwide. The company operates the authoritative directories that manage various telephone area codes and numbers, and enables the dynamic routing of calls among communications service providers (CSPs) in the United States and Canada. NeuStar also provides clearinghouse services to CSPs, including Internet service providers, cable television operators, and voice over internet protocol service providers. In addition, the company manages the authoritative directories for the .us and .biz Internet domains, as well as for common short codes, part of the short messaging service. NeuStar was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in Sterling, Virginia.